Globalization Review
Unit One
Individual Identity- the traits that make up a person’s sense of individuality
Collective Identity- the combination of beliefs, values, view of history, and language of people
Globalization- the process that is making the worlds citizens interdependent and interconnected economically, socially, politically, environmentally, technologically
Acculturation – where a minority culture adopts cultural characteristics of the dominant culture; a voluntary process
Accommodation- an inclusive approach that allows religious or ethnic groups to maintain their distinctive cultures within mainstream society
Cultural Revitalization- a process through which unique cultures regain a sense of identity, through heritage, languages, customs, and traditions
Integration- the incorporation of diverse minority groups into mainstream society
Assimilation- the absorption of a minority group by a dominant group
Marginalization- the pushing of a group to ‘margins’ of society, where they hold little social, political, or economic power
Homogenization- a trend toward uniformity, as with world popular culture as a result of globalization.
Unit Two
Eurocentrism- a belief that the European world view is superior to all others
Cultural Contact- the interaction of diverse cultures and perspectives
Depopulation- the reduction of a population because of conflict, disease, loss of resources, cultural change or assimilation
The Silk Road- an ancient trade network between China and the Mediterranean sea and linking China with the Roman Empire
Imperialism- an association between peoples that intentionally benefits one people over another
Displacement- the involuntary dispersal of a people, especially from their homeland
International Trade- the interchange of raw materials and manufactured goods among distance groups of people
Mercantilism- a system of government sponsored international business ventures designed to make European monarchs rich
Free Market System- a market in which the government would regulate nothing all businesses would be privately owned
Entrepreneurs- people who take risks by launching business ventures in the hope of making a profit
Worker Exploitation- subjecting employees to low wages, long hours, or poor working conditions
Communism- a planned economic system in which the government owns all means of production and all people work for government owned enterprises
Colony- a territory that belonged to a European country, was ruled by European government, and was completely subject to that European country
Protectorate- an area that maintained its own sovereignty but was guided by a European country
Sphere of Influence- A territorial area over which political or economic influence is wielded by one nation
Motives for Imperialism- money and prestige
Residential Schools- a boarding school for Indian and Inuit children from sparsely populated settlements
Unit Three
International Monetary System- a global network of institutions established by the Bretton Woods Agreement to promote international trade and the regulation of currency among western countries
Gold Standard- a provision of the Bretton Woods Agreement that all printed money, such as the paper dollar, would be convertible to gold and could be cashed in at any time for that gold
Fixed Exchange Rates- the value of a country’s currency as set by its government
Floating Exchange Rates- currency rates that are not fixed by government but instead find their own value on the foreign exchange market
International Monetary Fund- international agency that works with the world bank to bring stability to international monetary affairs and to help expand world trade
Free Market Economies- a system in which a government does not intervene in the production and control of goods and services
Centrally Planned Economies- a system under which government planners decide what goods to produce and how many
GATT- (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) an international agreement between 1947 and 1995 that aimed to reduce trade barriers among member countries
Tariffs- a tax imposed on imports to increase their price and thus reduce competition with domestic products
NAFTA- (North American Free Trade Agreement) 1994 treaty among Canada and the US and Mexico to improve trade by removing tariffs and other economic barriers
EU- (European Union) the world’s largest and most powerful common market
Free Trade Agreements- economic treaty between Canada and the US that sought to promote trade by reducing tariffs and other barriers between the two countries
Trade Liberalization- the process of reducing barriers to trade
GDP- a measure of a country’s gross domestic product per capita, one of the criteria for the UN human development index
WTO- (World Trade Organization) international organization founded in 1995 that works to improve trade relations among the world’s countries
G8- (group of eight) an informal group of the eight major industrial democracies that meets at annual summits to discuss economic and foreign policies
Outsourcing- the hiring of one company by another to fulfill certain tasks in production
Deregulation- opening an industry to more competition by removing government regulations
Privatization
Unit Four
Quality of Life- the conditions in people’s lives
Disparity- economic and social gaps among individuals, communities or countries
Standard of Living- a common measure of the quantity and quality of goods and services to which people have access
Human Development Index- the United Nations measure of a countries level of development based on GDP per capita life expectancy at birth, adult literacy, and school enrollment
Universal Declaration of Human Rights- UN policy that defines the human rights to which every person on the globe is equally entitled
Political, Civil, Equality, Economic, Social, Cultural Rights- political: the right to vote and to participate in government
Civil: the right to freedom of opinion and expression
Equality: the right to be free from discrimination
Economic: the right to fair wages and safe working conditions
Social: the right to education and to have health care
Cultural: the right to participate in the cultural life of a community, and the righ to speak your own language
Employment Equity- the principle of equal pay for equal work or for work of equal value
Genetic Modification- technology that allows genes from one species to be introduced into another to produce a hardier or higher yielding strain
Kyoto Protocol- international agreement that intended to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as a means to combat climate change
Referendum- a binding vote in which the entire electorate votes to accept or reject a proposal
Corporate Responsibility- the degree to which companies act in a manner that supports environmental sustainability and prevents worker exploitation.
Consumer Activism- is activism undertaken on behalf of consumers, to assert consumer rights