Nationalism- The strong belief that the interests of a particular nation-state are of primary importance.
Internationalism- the doctrine that all members of the global community accept collective responsibility for the challenges that face the world and that the motives of nations and nation-states must be respected in the search for solutions
Ultranationalism- an extreme form of nationalism. Ultranationalists are often loyal to their nation and racist towards other nations
Sovereignty- the political authority to control one’s own affairs. Sovereignty may be distinguished from and can sometimes conflict with self-determination which is a people’s right to control their own affairs
Self-determination- the power to control one’s own affairs. National self determination is the power of people within a nation-state or nation to make their own decisions about what is in their interest.
State-the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation
Nation- a politically organized body of people under a single government
Nation-state- a country that has physical borders and a single government. Nation-states may be based on ethnic nationalism or civic nationalism or a combination of the two
First estate-the clergy in France
Second estate- the nobility in France
Third estate- the common people
Egalitarianism (equality)- the doctrine of the equality of mankind and the desirability of political and economic and social equality
Cultural Pluralism- a belief or doctrine that holds that collectives should be encouraged to affirm and promote their unique cultural identity in a diverse society
Sovereignists- in Canada people who support the idea of Quebec’s becoming an independent nation-state that can control its own identity
Federalists- people who support a federal system of government
Reconciliation- an act of resolving differences and repairing relationships that enables people to come to terms with past injustices and to coexist in peace
Loyalty- the state or quality of being loyal; faithfulness to commitments or obligations
Alienation- the experience of feeling left out or being on the outside. People who choose one strong loyalty over another risk of alienation from an important part of their identity and from sharing in the collective consciousness
Segregation- the forced separation of racial groups. Extreme loyalty to one racial group can lead to separate schools and living areas for racial minorities and eventually to ultranationalism and persecution of those minorities
Land Claims- Land claims are a legal declaration of desired control over areas of property including bodies of water
Propaganda- information and ideas that are spread to achieve a specific goal. Extreme nationalists may use misleading and dishonest information to create fear and insecurity and to persuade people to behave in certain ways
Domestic Policy- a plan of action that guides a governments decisions about what to do within a country. In Canada domestic policy decisions may include changing federal laws, settling Aboriginal land claims, and spending tax revenues
National interest- the interests of the people of a nation. National interest may include economic prosperity, security and safety, and beliefs and values.
Foreign policies- a plan of action that guides a government’s decisions about its official relations with other countries. Also called foreign affairs or external relations
Appeasement- giving in to demands. A foreign policy practised by Britain and the United Sates when they granted Hitler concessions in an effort to avoid World War II
Expansionism-the desire of a nation state to extend its control beyond its own borders
Isolationism- a policy whereby a country completely opts out of participating in international social, economic, political, and military affairs
Internationalism- the doctrine that all member of the global community accept collective responsibility for the challenges that face the world and that the motives of nations and nation-states must be respected in the search for solutions
Conscription- compulsory military service. In Canada during World Wars I and II, the policy was controversial, especially among the francophone’s in Quebec
Peacekeeping- armed forces who maintain peace by keeping enemies apart until a crisis can be resolved through diplomacy and negotiation
Peacemaking- allowing armed forces that were originally sent to maintain peace in a region of conflict to use force for reasons other than self-defense
Genocide- the killing of members of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group, causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group and deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction
Crimes against humanity- widespread or systematic attacks against a civilian population, including murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, imprisonment, torture, rape and sexual slavery, enforced disappearance of persons, and the crime of apartheid
Holocaust- the English term used to describe the genocide of about six million Jews by the Nazis during World War II
Anti-Semitism- the intense dislike for and prejudice against Jewish people
Ethnic Cleansing- a term that is used to make more socially acceptable the murder of expulsion of an ethnic nation from a territory
Decolonization- the process that occurs in a former colony when an imperial power withdraws. Decolonized countries can exercise sovereignty under international law and can join the United Nations
Successor state- a country created from previous state. By international law, the people who lived in the predecessor state or to choose their nationality if the predecessor state I divided into more then one state.
Refugees- an exile who flees for safety
NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization: an international organization created in 1949 by the North Atlantic Treaty for purposes of collective security
Warsaw Pact- an alliance including Russia and Eastern Block nations. Served as a balance to NATO
Unilateral- the policy of a country responding to events on its own without agreements with or support from other countries
Multilateral- a policy that involves several countries working together to meet challenges and solve problems. The United Nations is multilateral in nature.
Collective security- the condition of protecting all members of a group or collective from danger. The United Nations tries to ensure the collective security of all member states
Absolute Poverty- a condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter, education, and information. Absolute poverty may depend not only on income but also on access to services
Odious Dept- a dept that is incurred by a despotic power, not to meet the needs of the people of the country but to strengthen the despotic regime
Trickle-down effect- the theory that when people in developed countries have more money to spend, they will buy goods and services offered by business in less developed countries and that this spending will eventually help strengthen economies in the developing world
Economic sanctions- the actions of cutting off trade with a country is an effort to force it to follow a particular course of action
Tied Aid- help that is given with strings attached.